branches of botany

26 branches of botany

1. Morphology (morphe=form, logos=science):Under this branch we study the form and structure of plant.That branch of morphology which is based upon the external form and  structure of plant is called External Morphology.
2. Anatomy:The study of internal structure of the plant with the help of section cutting, is called Internal Morphology.    
3. Cytology:Detailed study of the cell is called cytology. It includes structure, function of  different cell organelles, nucleus and cell inclusions.
4. Histology: The study of cell and tissues with the help of microscope is called histology.
5. Plant Physiology: This branch includes the study of various vital activities of the plant.
6. Taxonomy: In this branch the plants are classified according to their characteristics and interrelationship. With the help of taxonomy we are able to identify the plants and known their characters.
7. Ecology(Oikos=house, logos=science): The study of environment of plants and their communities and vice-versa. This branch also includes the studies of soil erosion, soil conservation and pollution.
8. Plant geography: This branch deals with the distribution of plants on the earth and reasons thereof.
9. Genetics: Study of heredity and variations. What are the laws of inheritance and why the offspring resembles or differs  for the parents are studies under this group.
10. Plant breeding: dealing with the development of improved varities of plants.
11. Embryology:Study the parental development of gametes,fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.
12. Paleobotany: the study of fossil plant.
13. Economic botany: The study of the relationship between people (individuals and cultures) and plant.
14. Plant pathology: The scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions.
15. Biochemistry: The study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
16. Biophysics: This is an interdisciplinary science that applies the approaches and methods of physics to study biological systems.
17. Organic evolution: The study of the evolution of complex organisms from simple ones and the principles involved in it.
18. Microbiology: Study of microorganisms.
19. Molecular biology: Study of biochemistry at molicular level.
20. Palynology: Study of pollen grains in relation to taxonomy and evolution etc.
21. Biometrics: Statistical analysis of different results of biological experiment.
22. Genetic Engineering: Adding,removing or repairing part of genetic meterial, thereby changing the phenotype of organism and desired.
23. Agronomy: Is the science which deals with the crop plants.
24. Horticulture: Is the science which deals with the  study of  flowering fruiting plants.
25. Pharmacognosy: Dealing with the medical plants.
26. Pedology: Dealing with the  study of soils.